Music is a powerful brain activator that involves an extensive network of neural structures involved in music practice. It promotes emotional processes and executive functions such as memory, attention, and concentration. Specifically, learning an instrument becomes an effec-tive resource for training the brain to improve neural interconnection. This leads us to consider the importance that music training can have, from childhood, in education and in academic performance. The aim of this article is to reflect on the educational potential of music and its involvement in developing attention in children, one of the key components of academic achievement and performance. We started from a documentary and scientific review of the most relevant empirical works at the international level from the last four decades, found in the most academically relevant educational databases. The information obtained was grouped and presented in different sections: attention in children, the development of attention in children, emotional classroom attention programmes, assessing attention in children, and finally, the effects of music in improving attention in children.