This study analyzes the evolution of the legal context of Italian pharmacy from the origin of the Italian state until 2019. The objective is to evaluate the impact of the liberalization that took place in Italy between 2006 and 2017. The first push in favor of opening up to greater competition in this sector comes from the European Commission, according to which only a real and complete opening to competition guarantees the best service at the minimum price for the final consumer. However, and in accordance with the opinions of other experts, economic data suggest that a small improvement in prices is not an advantage for all consumers, excluding those who need it most (elderly and poor people). This study concludes that all consumers get a real advantage when the pharmacist is not only the person who dispenses the medicine but also the business owner. The high number of pharmacies alone is a determining factor for a significant reduction in the price of the product and an improvement in service.