Situación del Sol |
L |
A |
D |
|
0o |
0 h |
0 o |
a |
90 o |
6 h |
+e |
d |
180 o |
12 h |
0 o |
g |
270 o |
18 h |
-e |
|
360 o |
24 h |
0 o |
Punto |
Estación |
Recorrido ánuo |
D |
Amplitud (180º-a) |
Arco semidiurno |
^ |
Equinoccio
primavera |
De ^a
a |
0º crece |
0º crece |
12h crece |
a |
Solsticio verano |
De a a d |
+e dismin. |
Máxima dismin. |
Máximo Dismin. |
d |
Equinoccio otoño |
De d a g |
0º dismin. |
0º dismin. |
12h dismin. |
g |
Solsticio
invierno |
De g a ^ |
-e crece |
Mínima crece |
Mínimo crece |
TABLA III - DATOS FÍSICOS DEL SOL Y DE LOS PLANETAS
Nombre |
Símbolo |
Radio ecuatorial (Km) |
Achatamiento |
Densidad (agua=1) |
Masa (Tierra=1) |
Periodo de rotación |
Albedo |
||
d |
h |
M |
|||||||
Sol |
|
696000 |
0 |
1.4 |
333432 |
23 |
09 |
|
|
Mercurio |
|
2500 |
0 |
5.1 |
1.05 |
59 |
15 |
|
0.06 |
Venus |
|
6200 |
0 |
5.3 |
0.81 |
243 |
|
|
0.76 |
La Tierra |
|
6378 |
1/297 |
5.5 |
1.0 |
|
23 |
56 |
0.39 |
Marte |
|
3380 |
1/192 |
4.0 |
0.11 |
|
24 |
37 |
0.15 |
Júpiter |
|
71500 |
1/15 |
1.3 |
317.9 |
|
9 |
50 |
0.51 |
Saturno |
|
60500 |
1/10 |
0.7 |
95.2 |
|
10 |
34 |
0.50 |
Urano |
|
25500 |
1/44 |
1.3 |
14.6 |
|
17 |
14 |
0.66 |
Neptuno |
|
24700 |
1/58 |
1.7 |
17.3 |
|
15 |
50 |
0.62 |
Plutón |
|
1100 |
- |
2.2 |
0.0024 |
|
6 |
30 |
0.16 |
Planeta |
Satélite |
Descubridor y año |
Distancia al planeta (en Rp) |
Periodo de revolución sidérea |
Excentricidad de la órbita |
Inclinación de la órbita del sat. respecto al plano del ec. planeta |
Diámetro (en km) |
|||
|
|
|
|
d. |
h. |
m. |
|
º |
' |
|
La Tierra |
La
Luna |
|
60.3 |
27 |
7 |
43 |
0.05 |
28 35 a 18 19 |
3476 |
|
Marte |
Fobos Deimos |
Hall 1877 “ “ |
2.8 7.0 |
0 1 |
7 6 |
39 18 |
0.02 0.003 |
1 1 |
8 46 |
15 8 |
Júpiter |
I Io II Europa III Ganímedes IV Calisto V Almatea VI Himalia VII Elara VIII Pasífea IX Sinope X Lisitea XI Carmé XII Ananke XIII Leda XIV Tebe XV Adrastea XVI Metis S/1999 J1 S/1975 J1 S/2000 J2 S/2000 J3 S/2000 J4 S/2000 J5 S/2000 J6 S/2000 J7 S/2000 J8 S/2000 J9 S/2000 J10 S/2000 J11 |
Galileo 1610 Galileo 1610 Galileo 1610 Galileo 1610 Barnard 1892 Perrine
1904 Perrine
1905 Melote
1908 Nicholson
1914 Nicholson
1938 Nicholson 1938 Nicholson 1951 Kowal 1974 Voy. 1 1979 Voy. 1 1979 Voy.
1 1979 Spacewatch 1999 SJFM
1975/2000 SJFM
2000 SJFM
2000 SJFM
2000 SJFM
2000 SJFM
2000 SJFM
2000 SJFM
2000 SJFM
2000 SJFM 2000 SJFM 2000 |
5.9 9.4 15.0 26.4 2.5 161 165 330 338 165 315 291 156 3.1 1.8 1.9 337 105 332 283 324 296 323 293 334 326 327 176 |
1 3 7 16 0 251 260 735 758 259 692 631 240 0 0 0 759 130 751 585 723 625 719 617 758 730 731 287 |
18 13 3 16 11 5 16 7 7 |
28 14 43 32 57 17 11 9 4 |
0.004 0.009 0.001 0.007 0.002 0.16 0.21 0.38 0.28 0.11 0.21 0.17 0.15 0.015 0.0 0.0 0.28 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.27 0.23 0.26 0.22 0.43 0.25 0.24 0.25 |
27 24 145 153 29 164 147 26 0 0 147 43 165 149 164 148 165 148 152 165 165 28 |
2.4 28.1 11.0 30.6 27.3 38.0* 48.0* * * 1.0* * * 4.0* 48.0 0 0 8.0 4.0 13.0 40.2 57.0 41.4 0.0 43.8 43.2 12.3 21.0 16.2 |
3630 3138 5262 4800 240 170 76 50 36 36 40 30 16 80 40 35 7 9 5 5 3 4 4 7 6 5 4 4 |
Saturno |
I Mimas II Encelado III Tetis IV Dione V Rea VI Titán VII Hiperion VIII Japeto IX Febe X Jano XI Epimeteo XII Helena XIII Telesto XIV Calipso XV Atlas XVI Prometeo XVII Pandora XVIII Pan S/2000 S1 S/2000 S2 S/2000 S3 S/2000 S4 S/2000 S5 S/2000 S6 S/2000 S7 S/2000 S8 S/2000 S9 S/2000 S10 S/2000 S11 S/2000 S12 |
Herschel 1789 Herschel 1789 Cassini 1684 Cassini 1684 Cassini 1672 Huygens 1655 Bond 1848 Cassini 1671 Pickering 1898 Dollfus 1966 Fountain 1978 Lacques 1980 Smith 1980 Pascu 1980 Voy. 1 1980 Voy. 1 1980 Voy. 1 1980 Showalter 1990 Gladman 2000 Gladman 2000 Gladman 2000 KG 2000 Gladman 2000 KG 2000 GK 2000 KG 2000 GK 2000 KG 2000 Holman 2000 GK 2000 |
3.1 3.9 4.9 6.3 8.8 20.5 24.8 59.7 216.8 2.5 2.5 6.3 4.9 4.9 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 384 252 296 303 189 190 334 260 307 290 272 328 |
0 1 1 2 4 15 21 79 550 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1314 687 869 926 449 453 1068 731 940 460 783 1038 |
22 8 21 17 12 2 6 7 10 16 16 17 21 21 14 14 15 13 |
37 53 18 41 25 41 38 56 35 33 41 41 19 19 26 43 06 48 |
0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.10 0.03 0.16 0.01 0.01 0.01 __ __ 0.00 0.01 0.01 __ 0.33 0.37 0.27 0.54 0.33 0.32 0.45 0.27 0.22 0.47 0.48 0.12 |
1 1 0 0 0 14 150 0 0 0 __ __ 0 0 0 __ 173 44 45 33 45 46 175 153 167 34 34 175 |
31.0 1.4 52.0 1.2 20.5 18.3 24.0 42.0 8.0 20.0 0 __ __ 18.0 0.0 0 __ 7.0 58.0 49.2 30.6 51.0 38.4 51.6 1.0 25.2 44.4 1.0 50.0 |
400 500 1050 1120 1530 5150 300 1450 220 200 140 33 30 26 28 104 88 20 16 20 32 14 15 10 6 6 6 8 26 6 |
Urano |
I Ariel II Umbriel III Titania IV Oberón V Miranda VI Cordelia VII Ofelia VIII Bianca IX Cresida X Desdémona XI Julieta XII Porcia XIII Rosalinda XIV Belinda XV Puck XVI Calibán XVII Sícorax XVIII Próspero XIX Setebos XX Esteban |
Lassell 1851 Lassell 1851 Herschel 1787 Herschel 1787 Kuiper 1948 Voy. 2 1986 Voy. 2 1986 Voy. 2 1986 Voy. 2 1986 Voy. 2 1986 Voy. 2 1986 Voy. 2 1986 Voy. 2 1986 Voy. 2 1986 Voy. 2 1985 Gladman 1997 Gladman 1997 Holman 1999 Kavelaars 1999 Gladman 1999 |
7.3 10.2 16.8 22.4 5.2 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.4 283 477 642 683 313 |
2 4 8 13 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 579 1283 1993 2202 677 |
12 3 16 11 9 8 9 10 11 11 11 12 13 14 18 |
29 28 56 07 56 02 02 26 06 22 50 19 24 58 17 |
0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 <0.001 0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.16 0.52 0.44 0.59 0.23 |
0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 159 151 158 144 |
18.0 24.0 6.0 6.0 12.0 6.0 6.0 12.0 0.0 12.0 6.0 6.0 18.0 0.0 18.0 52.8 24.0 54.6 10.2 3.6 |
1158 1172 1580 1524 480 26 30 42 62 54 84 108 54 66 154 60 120 30 30 20 |
Neptuno |
I Tritón II Nereida III Náyade IV Talasa V Despina VI Galatea VII Larisa VIII Proteo |
Lassell 1846 Kuiper 1949 Voy. 2 1989 Voy. 2 1989 Voy. 2 1989 Voy. 2 1989 Voy. 2 1989 Voy. 2 1989 |
14.2 217 1.95 2.02 2.12 2.50 2.97 4.75 |
5 360 0 0 0 0 0 1 |
21 3 7 7 8 10 13 2 |
03 16 4 28 2 17 19 56 |
<0.001 0.75 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 |
157 27 4 0 0 0 0 0 |
20.4 36.0 44.4 13.0 4.2 3.0 12.0 33.0 |
2706 340 58 80 148 158 190 418 |
Plutón |
I
Caronte |
Christy
1978 |
11.7 |
6 |
9 |
18 |
<0.001 |
99 |
|
1200 |
* Valor referido al plano orbital del planeta
SJFM son las iniciales de los descubridores: Shepperd, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier
KG las de Kavelaars y Gladman
GK las de Gladman y Kavelars
|
ancho radial (Km) |
Distancia al centro Rs |
Observador |
Anillo D (borde interior) Anillo C (borde interior) División de Maxwell Anillo B (borde interior) Anillo B (borde exterior) División de Huygens División de Cassini Anillo A (borde interior) División de Encke División de Keeler Anillo A Anillo F Anillo G Anillo E (borde interior) Anillo E (borde exterior) |
253 430 4540 328 31 |
1.11 1.23 1.45 1.52 1.95 1.95 1.99 2.02 2.21 2.26 2.27 2.33 2.8 3 8 |
Guérin-Voyager Bond Galileo Voyager Cassini Encke Voyager Pioneer Pioneer-Voyager Feibel-Voyager Voyager |
Nota: 1Rs = 60330Km
TABLA
VI - ELEMENTOS ECLÍPTICOS DE LOS PLANETAS
|
a |
e |
|
|
i |
P |
L0 |
|
|||||||||||
Nombre |
u.a |
º |
' |
'' |
º |
' |
'' |
º |
' |
'' |
a |
d |
h |
º |
' |
'' |
º |
' |
|
Mercurio Venus La Tierra Marte Júpiter Saturno Urano Neptuno Plutón |
0.39 0.72 1.00 1.52 5.20 9.56 19.22 30.12 39.54 |
0.21 0.007 0.02 0.09 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.24 |
48 76 49 100 113 74 131 110 |
19 40 33 27 39 00 47 17 |
52 48 29 50 58 22 45 52 |
77 131 102 336 14 93 173 48 224 |
27 33 56 03 19 03 00 07 08 |
21 50 13 36 52 25 18 26 10 |
7 3 1 1 2 0 1 17 |
0 23 50 18 29 46 46 08 |
18 41 59 16 20 22 12 31 |
1 1 11 29 84 163 248 |
88 224 0 321 312 154 272 264 7 |
15 0 18 20 14 18 15 13 |
252 181 106 355 34 50 314 304 238 |
15 58 27 25 21 04 03 20 44 |
04 48 58 59 04 30 18 56 38 |
0 177 23 25 3 26 97 29 119 |
0 24 27 07 07 45 52 34 36 |
TABLA VII - REVOLUCIONES SINÓDICAS DE
LOS PLANETAS
Planetas |
n |
r B |
a |
S |
Mercurio |
-∞ |
0.4 |
0.4 |
115d.88 |
Venus |
0 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
583.92 |
La Tierra |
1 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
- |
Marte |
2 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
779.93 |
Asteroides |
3 |
2.8 |
- |
- |
Júpiter |
4 |
5.2 |
5.2 |
398.88 |
Saturno |
5 |
10.0 |
9.6 |
378.08 |
Urano |
6 |
19.6 |
19.2 |
369.66 |
Neptuno |
7 |
38.8 |
30.1 |
367.48 |
Plutón |
8 |
77.2 |
39.5 |
366.73 |
TABLA VIII - CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL ECLIPSE DE SOL
Máximos |
Mínimos |
Medios |
|
|
º |
º |
º |
I |
5 18 |
4 59 |
5 0 8 |
π |
61 27 |
53 53 |
57 3 |
π |
9 |
8 |
8.5 |
s |
16 46 |
14 41 |
15 35 |
s |
16 18 |
15 45 |
16 1 |
λ |
16.2 |
10.9 |
13.5 |